同じビット列が文字コードによってどんな文字に解釈されるか

ビット列:
2進表現  16進表現 
文字コードビット列表示される文字
ISO-8859-10011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111???????????????????????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©??????????????????????????????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????????????????????????????????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©???????????????????????????????????????
SJIS-WIN0011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111???????????????????????????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ?????????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ?????????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ??????????????????????????????????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ?????????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ?????????????????????????????????????????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ?????????ﾂｩﾃｸﾂｩﾂ｡??????ﾂｩﾃｸ??ﾂ｡ﾂｩ???????????????????????????????????????
EUC-JP0011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111???????????????????????????息淡??臓息????息淡息臓??????????息淡??臓息????息淡息臓??????息淡??臓息?????????息淡息臓??????息淡??臓息?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????息淡??臓息????息淡息臓??????????息淡??臓息????息淡息臓??????息淡??臓息?????????息淡息臓??????息淡??臓息??????????????????????????????????息淡??臓息????息淡息臓??????????息淡??臓息????息淡息臓??????息淡??臓息?????????息淡息臓??????息淡??臓息?????????????????????????????????????????息淡??臓息????息淡息臓??????????息淡??臓息????息淡息臓??????息淡??臓息?????????息淡息臓??????息淡??臓息???????????????????????????????????????
UTF-80011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111???????????????????????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©??????????????????????????????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????????????????????????????????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????????©ø??¡©????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©?????????©ø©¡??????©ø??¡©???????????????????????????????????????
UHC0011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000110000101010100111000010101000010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110000011111100111111110000101010000111000010101010010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100011000010101010011100001010100001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111100001010101001110000111011100000111111001111111100001010100001110000101010100100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111110000101010100111000011101110001100001010101001110000101010000100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111000010101010011100001110111000001111110011111111000010101000011100001010101001001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111???????????????????????????짤첩??징짤????짤첩짤징??????????짤첩??징짤????짤첩짤징??????짤첩??징짤?????????짤첩짤징??????짤첩??징짤?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????짤첩??징짤????짤첩짤징??????????짤첩??징짤????짤첩짤징??????짤첩??징짤?????????짤첩짤징??????짤첩??징짤??????????????????????????????????짤첩??징짤????짤첩짤징??????????짤첩??징짤????짤첩짤징??????짤첩??징짤?????????짤첩짤징??????짤첩??징짤?????????????????????????????????????????짤첩??징짤????짤첩짤징??????????짤첩??징짤????짤첩짤징??????짤첩??징짤?????????짤첩짤징??????짤첩??징짤???????????????????????????????????????