ビット列から文字へ

同じビット列が文字コードによってどんな文字に解釈されるか

文字コード	ビット列	表示される文字
ISO-8859-1	00111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111101001110001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010001111111000111110101011110000001010000111111000001111111000111110101011101011100011111100111111100011111010101110110011101000011111001010100010111110011000111110101011101111110011111110001111101000101100001110001111101010111010010000111111100011111010001011101110001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111100000110001111101000101111000000111111100011111010101110101010001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010001111111000111110101011110000001010000111111000001111111000111110101011101011100011111100111111100011111010101110110011101000011111001010100010111110011000111110101011101111110011111110001111101000101100001110001111101010111010010000111111100011111010001011101110001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111100000110001111101000101111000000111111100011111010101110101010001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111	???????????????????????????«³¡ò?«À¡ø?«®??«³¡ò¢ù«¿?¢Ã«¤?¢î?«³¡ò¢ù«Á¢ð?«ª?????????????????????????????????????«³¡ò?«À¡ø?«®??«³¡ò¢ù«¿?¢Ã«¤?¢î?«³¡ò¢ù«Á¢ð?«ª???????????????????????????????????????????????????????«³¡ò?«À¡ø?«®??«³¡ò¢ù«¿?¢Ã«¤?¢î?«³¡ò¢ù«Á¢ð?«ª?????????????????????????????????????«³¡ò?«À¡ø?«®??«³¡ò¢ù«¿?¢Ã«¤?¢î?«³¡ò¢ù«Á¢ð?«ª?????????????????????????????????????N?????????????????????????«³¡ò?«À¡ø?«®??«³¡ò¢ù«¿?¢Ã«¤?¢î?«³¡ò¢ù«Á¢ð?«ª?????????????????????????????????????«³¡ò?«À¡ø?«®??«³¡ò¢ù«¿?¢Ã«¤?¢î?«³¡ò¢ù«Á¢ð?«ª?????????????????????????????????
SJIS-WIN	00111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111101001110001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010001111111000111110101011110000001010000111111000001111111000111110101011101011100011111100111111100011111010101110110011101000011111001010100010111110011000111110101011101111110011111110001111101000101100001110001111101010111010010000111111100011111010001011101110001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111100000110001111101000101111000000111111100011111010101110101010001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010001111111000111110101011110000001010000111111000001111111000111110101011101011100011111100111111100011111010101110110011101000011111001010100010111110011000111110101011101111110011111110001111101000101100001110001111101010111010010000111111100011111010001011101110001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111100000110001111101000101111000000111111100011111010101110101010001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111	???????????????????????????将ｳ｡?将ﾀ｡?将ｮ??将ｳ｡ｫｿ?召ﾃ将､?召?将ｳ｡ｫﾁ召?将ｪ?????????????????????????????????????将ｳ｡?将ﾀ｡?将ｮ??将ｳ｡ｫｿ?召ﾃ将､?召?将ｳ｡ｫﾁ召?将ｪ???????????????????????????????????????????????????????将ｳ｡?将ﾀ｡?将ｮ??将ｳ｡ｫｿ?召ﾃ将､?召?将ｳ｡ｫﾁ召?将ｪ?????????????????????????????????????将ｳ｡?将ﾀ｡?将ｮ??将ｳ｡ｫｿ?召ﾃ将､?召?将ｳ｡ｫﾁ召?将ｪ?????????????????????????????????????N?????????????????????????将ｳ｡?将ﾀ｡?将ｮ??将ｳ｡ｫｿ?召ﾃ将､?召?将ｳ｡ｫﾁ召?将ｪ?????????????????????????????????????将ｳ｡?将ﾀ｡?将ｮ??将ｳ｡ｫｿ?召ﾃ将､?召?将ｳ｡ｫﾁ召?将ｪ?????????????????????????????????
EUC-JP	00111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111101001110001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010001111111000111110101011110000001010000111111000001111111000111110101011101011100011111100111111100011111010101110110011101000011111001010100010111110011000111110101011101111110011111110001111101000101100001110001111101010111010010000111111100011111010001011101110001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111100000110001111101000101111000000111111100011111010101110101010001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010001111111000111110101011110000001010000111111000001111111000111110101011101011100011111100111111100011111010101110110011101000011111001010100010111110011000111110101011101111110011111110001111101000101100001110001111101010111010010000111111100011111010001011101110001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111100000110001111101000101111000000111111100011111010101110101010001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111	???????????????????????????ë£?ì§?ç??ë£¶í?¦â?®?ë£¶ï¤?ã?????????????????????????????????????ë£?ì§?ç??ë£¶í?¦â?®?ë£¶ï¤?ã???????????????????????????????????????????????????????ë£?ì§?ç??ë£¶í?¦â?®?ë£¶ï¤?ã?????????????????????????????????????ë£?ì§?ç??ë£¶í?¦â?®?ë£¶ï¤?ã?????????????????????????????????????N?????????????????????????ë£?ì§?ç??ë£¶í?¦â?®?ë£¶ï¤?ã?????????????????????????????????????ë£?ì§?ç??ë£¶í?¦â?®?ë£¶ï¤?ã?????????????????????????????????
UTF-8	00111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111101001110001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010001111111000111110101011110000001010000111111000001111111000111110101011101011100011111100111111100011111010101110110011101000011111001010100010111110011000111110101011101111110011111110001111101000101100001110001111101010111010010000111111100011111010001011101110001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111100000110001111101000101111000000111111100011111010101110101010001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010001111111000111110101011110000001010000111111000001111111000111110101011101011100011111100111111100011111010101110110011101000011111001010100010111110011000111110101011101111110011111110001111101000101100001110001111101010111010010000111111100011111010001011101110001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111100000110001111101000101111000000111111100011111010101110101010001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111	????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ï?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ï???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ï?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ï????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????N??????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ï?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ï????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
UHC	00111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100100011111110001111101010111100000010100001111110000011111110001111101010111010111000111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111011111100111111100011111010001011000011100011111010101110100100001111111000111110100010111011100011111110001111101010111011001110100001111100101010001011111001100011111010101111000001100011111010001011110000001111111000111110101011101010100011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111101001110001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010001111111000111110101011110000001010000111111000001111111000111110101011101011100011111100111111100011111010101110110011101000011111001010100010111110011000111110101011101111110011111110001111101000101100001110001111101010111010010000111111100011111010001011101110001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111100000110001111101000101111000000111111100011111010101110101010001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010001111111000111110101011110000001010000111111000001111111000111110101011101011100011111100111111100011111010101110110011101000011111001010100010111110011000111110101011101111110011111110001111101000101100001110001111101010111010010000111111100011111010001011101110001111111000111110101011101100111010000111110010101000101111100110001111101010111100000110001111101000101111000000111111100011111010101110101010001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111	???????????????????????????룶끝終룶웩濯룶??룶끝地曝タ?룫횕イ?룫荏룶끝地曝チ룫栓룶₃????????????????????????????????????룶끝終룶웩濯룶??룶끝地曝タ?룫횕イ?룫荏룶끝地曝チ룫栓룶₃??????????????????????????????????????????????????????룶끝終룶웩濯룶??룶끝地曝タ?룫횕イ?룫荏룶끝地曝チ룫栓룶₃????????????????????????????????????룶끝終룶웩濯룶??룶끝地曝タ?룫횕イ?룫荏룶끝地曝チ룫栓룶₃????????????????????????????????????N?????????????????????????룶끝終룶웩濯룶??룶끝地曝タ?룫횕イ?룫荏룶끝地曝チ룫栓룶₃????????????????????????????????????룶끝終룶웩濯룶??룶끝地曝タ?룫횕イ?룫荏룶끝地曝チ룫栓룶₃????????????????????????????????