同じビット列が文字コードによってどんな文字に解釈されるか

ビット列:
2進表現  16進表現 
文字コードビット列表示される文字
ISO-8859-100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111101001110001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100000100111111100100011011001110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110101001100100100100011100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100000100111111100100011011001110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110101001100100100100011100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????’J‘¡‘´’K??’A?‘³’J‘¡‘´’K??’J‘¡‘©’G???????????????????????????????????????’J‘¡‘´’K??’A?‘³’J‘¡‘´’K??’J‘¡‘©’G??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????’J‘¡‘´’K??’A?‘³’J‘¡‘´’K??’J‘¡‘©’G???????????????????????????????????????’J‘¡‘´’K??’A?‘³’J‘¡‘´’K??’J‘¡‘©’G?????????????????????????????????????????N????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????’J‘¡‘´’K??’A?‘³’J‘¡‘´’K??’J‘¡‘©’G???????????????????????????????????????’J‘¡‘´’K??’A?‘³’J‘¡‘´’K??’J‘¡‘©’G?????????????????????????????????????????????????
SJIS-WIN00111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111101001110001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100000100111111100100011011001110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110101001100100100100011100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100000100111111100100011011001110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110101001100100100100011100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????谷贈其狸??但?袖谷贈其狸??谷贈束竪???????????????????????????????????????谷贈其狸??但?袖谷贈其狸??谷贈束竪??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????谷贈其狸??但?袖谷贈其狸??谷贈束竪???????????????????????????????????????谷贈其狸??但?袖谷贈其狸??谷贈束竪?????????????????????????????????????????N????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????谷贈其狸??但?袖谷贈其狸??谷贈束竪???????????????????????????????????????谷贈其狸??但?袖谷贈其狸??谷贈束竪?????????????????????????????????????????????????
EUC-JP00111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111101001110001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100000100111111100100011011001110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110101001100100100100011100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100000100111111100100011011001110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110101001100100100100011100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????J???K???A???J???K???J???G????????????????????????????????????????J???K???A???J???K???J???G???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????J???K???A???J???K???J???G????????????????????????????????????????J???K???A???J???K???J???G?????????????????????????????????????????N?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????J???K???A???J???K???J???G????????????????????????????????????????J???K???A???J???K???J???G?????????????????????????????????????????????????
UTF-800111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111101001110001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100000100111111100100011011001110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110101001100100100100011100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100000100111111100100011011001110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110101001100100100100011100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????J?????K???A????J?????K???J?????G????????????????????????????????????????J?????K???A????J?????K???J?????G???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????J?????K???A????J?????K???J?????G????????????????????????????????????????J?????K???A????J?????K???J?????G?????????????????????????????????????????N?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????J?????K???A????J?????K???J?????G????????????????????????????????????????J?????K???A????J?????K???J?????G?????????????????????????????????????????????????
UHC00111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001000001001111111001000110110011100100100100101010010001101000011001000110110100100100100100101100111111001111111001001001001010100100011010000110010001101010011001001001000111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111101001110001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100000100111111100100011011001110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110101001100100100100011100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100000100111111100100011011001110010010010010101001000110100001100100011011010010010010010010110011111100111111100100100100101010010001101000011001000110101001100100100100011100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????묳몼뫒묷??묨?뫑묳몼뫒묷??묳몼뫆묰???????????????????????????????????????묳몼뫒묷??묨?뫑묳몼뫒묷??묳몼뫆묰??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????묳몼뫒묷??묨?뫑묳몼뫒묷??묳몼뫆묰???????????????????????????????????????묳몼뫒묷??묨?뫑묳몼뫒묷??묳몼뫆묰?????????????????????????????????????????N????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????묳몼뫒묷??묨?뫑묳몼뫒묷??묳몼뫆묰???????????????????????????????????????묳몼뫒묷??묨?뫑묳몼뫒묷??묳몼뫆묰?????????????????????????????????????????????????