同じビット列が文字コードによってどんな文字に解釈されるか

ビット列:
2進表現  16進表現 
文字コードビット列表示される文字
ISO-8859-1001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001001101000000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010111101111011001000100110101101001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100110100000001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001001101011101010101111001010111111100111101011111000000011100011100000101000111111101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001011110111101100100010011010110100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001001101011101010101111001010111111100111101011111000000011100011100000101000111111101100100010011010000000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000101111011110110010001001101011010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001001101000000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010111101111011001000100110101101001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ쉠?若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ숴節∽쉭???????????????????????????????????若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ쉠?若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ숴節∽쉭???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ쉠?若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ숴節∽쉭???????????????????????????????????若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ쉠?若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ숴節∽쉭???????????????
SJIS-WIN001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001001101000000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010111101111011001000100110101101001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100110100000001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001001101011101010101111001010111111100111101011111000000011100011100000101000111111101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001011110111101100100010011010110100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001001101011101010101111001010111111100111101011111000000011100011100000101000111111101100100010011010000000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000101111011110110010001001101011010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001001101000000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010111101111011001000100110101101001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????エ?ク?エ??エ?ク?エ遽?竏夛シッ遽?繧嬢旺??エ?ク?エ??エ?ク?エ遽?竏夛シッ遽?繧嬢斡遽?竏ス?ュ????????????????????????????????????エ?ク?エ??エ?ク?エ遽?竏夛シッ遽?繧嬢旺??エ?ク?エ??エ?ク?エ遽?竏夛シッ遽?繧嬢斡遽?竏ス?ュ????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????エ?ク?エ??エ?ク?エ遽?竏夛シッ遽?繧嬢旺??エ?ク?エ??エ?ク?エ遽?竏夛シッ遽?繧嬢斡遽?竏ス?ュ????????????????????????????????????エ?ク?エ??エ?ク?エ遽?竏夛シッ遽?繧嬢旺??エ?ク?エ??エ?ク?エ遽?竏夛シッ遽?繧嬢斡遽?竏ス?ュ???????????????
EUC-JP001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001001101000000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010111101111011001000100110101101001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100110100000001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001001101011101010101111001010111111100111101011111000000011100011100000101000111111101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001011110111101100100010011010110100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001001101011101010101111001010111111100111101011111000000011100011100000101000111111101100100010011010000000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000101111011110110010001001101011010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001001101000000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010111101111011001000100110101101001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????錺企?語??錺企?語?雁???蠎??????錺企?語??錺企?語?雁???蠎????雁??曙????????????????????????????????????錺企?語??錺企?語?雁???蠎??????錺企?語??錺企?語?雁???蠎????雁??曙????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????錺企?語??錺企?語?雁???蠎??????錺企?語??錺企?語?雁???蠎????雁??曙????????????????????????????????????錺企?語??錺企?語?雁???蠎??????錺企?語??錺企?語?雁???蠎????雁??曙????????????????
UTF-8001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001001101000000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010111101111011001000100110101101001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100110100000001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001001101011101010101111001010111111100111101011111000000011100011100000101000111111101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001011110111101100100010011010110100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001001101011101010101111001010111111100111101011111000000011100011100000101000111111101100100010011010000000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000101111011110110010001001101011010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001001101000000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010111101111011001000100110101101001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ쉠?若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ숴節∽쉭???????????????????????????????????若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ쉠?若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ숴節∽쉭???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ쉠?若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ숴節∽쉭???????????????????????????????????若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ쉠?若듸숴?若듸숴節√꼯節わ숴節∽쉭???????????????
UHC001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001001101000000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010111101111011001000100110101101001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100110100000001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001001101011101010101111001010111111100111101011111000000011100011100000101000111111101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001011110111101100100010011010110100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010011100111101011111000000011100010100010001001101011101010101111001010111111100111101011111000000011100011100000101000111111101100100010011010000000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000101111011110110010001001101011010011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100001111111110111110100101101101001110101110010011101110001110110010001000101101001110011110101111100000001110001010001000100110101110101010111100101011111110011110101111100000001110001110000010100011111110110010001001101000000011111111101111101001011011010011101011100100111011100011101100100010001011010000111111111011111010010110110100111010111001001110111000111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010011010111010101011110010101111111001111010111110000000111000111000001010001111111011001000100010110100111001111010111110000000111000101000100010111101111011001000100110101101001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111001111110011111100111111??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????畑대벝飮뇜畑대벝飮당?松싰섞影?循륁돖?畑대벝飮뇜畑대벝飮당?松싰섞影?循륁댋影?松쎌돪???????????????????????????????????畑대벝飮뇜畑대벝飮당?松싰섞影?循륁돖?畑대벝飮뇜畑대벝飮당?松싰섞影?循륁댋影?松쎌돪???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????畑대벝飮뇜畑대벝飮당?松싰섞影?循륁돖?畑대벝飮뇜畑대벝飮당?松싰섞影?循륁댋影?松쎌돪???????????????????????????????????畑대벝飮뇜畑대벝飮당?松싰섞影?循륁돖?畑대벝飮뇜畑대벝飮당?松싰섞影?循륁댋影?松쎌돪???????????????