ビット列から文字へ

同じビット列が文字コードによってどんな文字に解釈されるか

文字コード	ビット列	表示される文字
ISO-8859-1	3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f4e3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f	???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤???????????ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤???????????ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤???????????????N?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤???????????ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±ªª?ª¤¢Âªª?ª¤¢±?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤?ªª?ª¤???????????????????????
SJIS-WIN	3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f4e3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f	???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､???????????宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､???????????宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､???????????????N?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､???????????宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ宵ｪ?宵､召ﾂ宵ｪ?宵､召ｱ?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､?宵ｪ?宵､???????????????????????
EUC-JP	3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f4e3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f	???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â???????????Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â???????????Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â???????????????N?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â???????????Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸Ã?Â¡Ã?Â¸?Ã?Â?Ã?Â?Ã?Â???????????????????????
UTF-8	3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f4e3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f	?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????N???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????
UHC	3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f4e3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b18faaaa3f8faaa48fa2c28faaaa3f8faaa48fa2b13f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f8faaaa3f8faaa43f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f3f	???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮?룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝??????????룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮?룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮?룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝??????????룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮?룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝??????????????N?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮?룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝??????????룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮룵₃룵쨵◈룵₃룵쨵∮?룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝룵₃룵｝??????????????????????